A literature review in research methodology is a critical evaluation of existing scholarly work on a specific topic. It synthesizes relevant studies, identifies gaps in knowledge, and establishes a framework for the current research. This process involves summarizing and analyzing previous findings, theories, and methodologies to provide context and rationale for the new study. A well-conducted literature review not only demonstrates the researcher's understanding of the field but also helps refine research questions and hypotheses, ensuring that the new research builds upon and contributes to the existing body of knowledge.